![]() T – Top rib (a cervical rib growing above the first rib above the clavicle)Ĭongenital Horner syndrome is associated with heterochromia, which is a difference in the colour of the iris on the affected side.Ĭocaine eye drops can be used to test for Horner syndrome.S – Syringomyelia (cyst in the spinal cord).S for Sentral, T for Torso (pre-ganglionic) and C for Cervical (post-ganglionic). The causes can be remembered as the 4 Ss, 4 Ts and 4 Cs. Post-ganglionic lesions do not cause anhidrosis. Pre-ganglionic lesions cause anhidrosis of the face. Central lesions cause anhidrosis of the arm and trunk as well as the face. The location of the Horner syndrome can be determined by the anhidrosis. These post-ganglionic nerves then travel to the head, running alongside the internal carotid artery. They then enter into the sympathetic ganglion at the base of the neck and exit as post-ganglionic nerves. The sympathetic nerves arise from the spinal cord in the chest. ![]() The journey of the sympathetic nerves to the head is relevant for the causes of Horner syndrome. Horner syndrome is caused by damage to the sympathetic nervous system supplying the face. Light and accommodation reflexes are not affected. They may also have enopthalmos, which is a sunken eye.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |